Sodium chloride recovery from brines for reuse purposes in zero liquid discharge

In the application of the Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) strategy, not a single drop of water leaves the waste water treatment plant (WWTP). In the recovery strategy of an actual full-scale ZLD WWTP, the focus lies on high quality water, which is fully recovered from reverse osmosis brine (RO-brine). A residual solid stream is generated and...

Towards Zero Liquid Discharge in drinking water production

Nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes are used to produce clean water, but also produce a concentrate stream which contains most of the contaminants. Discharging concentrate streams to the environment is hindered by regulations, which are becoming more strict, and by the desire of recovering every single valuable atom. Therefore...

Nanofiltration with zero liquid discharge in drinking water treatment

The topic of this thesis is a concept of zero liquid discharge for nanofiltration technology in drinking water treatment. Nanofiltration, defined as a process between Ultrafiltration (UF) and Reverse Osmosis (RO), is a rapidly emerging technology. The origin of NF membranes can be traced back to the late 1950s when it was developed to treat sea...