Initial characterisation of mechanical and corrosion properties of stationary shoulder friction stir welded bare and Alclad AA2024-T3 butt joints

Aluminium alloy AA2024-T3 is a lightweight and damage tolerant material, and is therefore often used in aerospace applications. However, this alloy is difficult to weld using conventional fusion welding techniques due to defects caused by the meld pool.<br/> <br/>Friction stir welding (FSW) was developed by The Welding Institute (TWI) in 1991 in...

Concept level container terminal design: Investigating the consequences of accelerating the concept design phase by modelling the automatable tasks

The design of a container terminal is a process that goes through a number of phases. One of the first is the concept design phase, which is needed to make a first assessment of the project's technical and financial feasibility. This phase is exploratory of nature, because of the early stage in the design cycle and consists of several tasks that...