Modelling and evaluating different multi-carrier energy system configurations for a Dutch house

The urge to reduce the dependence on natural gas for heating at the residential level has led to the deployment of different fossil fuel-free alternatives. In the Netherlands, two technologies are leading the transition: heat pumps, due to their high COP, and photovoltaic–thermal systems, due to their dual electric-thermal output. However,...

Submodeling Method-Based Thermal Investigation of the Battery Energy Storage System Integrated in a 450 kW EV Charger

The electric vehicle (EV) market is expanding rapidly. However, the main barriers to EV adoption are high vehicle costs, range issues, and charging infrastructure. Meanwhile, energy storage systems (ESS) appear as a promising solution to preventing grid overload during charging and reducing infrastructure costs. In this paper, the integration of...

Aging-Aware Battery Operation for Multicarrier Energy Systems

In the context of building electrification the operation of distributed energy resources integrating multiple energy carriers poses a significant challenge. Such an operation calls for an energy management system that decides the set-points of the primary control layer in the best way possible. This is done by fulfilling user requirements,...

Insight into the Characterization of Sea-Salt Batteries

Batteries are one of the main tools to provide the flexibility distribution and transmission systems need due to their increasing dependence on weather conditions. However, environmental and economic factors pose a significant problem. New types of batteries that do not rely on rare earth metals and organic solvents but instead use water and...

An Overview on Medium Voltage Grid Integration of Ultra-fast Charging Stations: Current Status and Future Trends

The emphasis on clean and green technologies to curtail greenhouse gas emissions due to fossil fuel-based economies has originated the shift towards electric mobility. As on-road electric vehicles (EVs) have shown exponential growth over the last decade, so have the charging demands. The provision of charging facilities from the low-voltage...

Battery Storage System as Power Unbalance Redistributor in Distribution Grids Based on Three Legs Four Wire Voltage Source Converter

This article discusses the application of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) as power redistributors in three-phase distribution grids as an add-on functionality to typical BESS applications, such as congestion management and energy arbitrage. Combining those ancillary services into a single power unit is not yet performed in practice but...

Revisiting the Partial Power Processing Concept: Case Study of a 5-kW 99.11% Efficient Flyback Converter-Based Battery Charger

This article proposes an analytical methodology to evaluate the performance of the main partial power processing (PPP) architectures in terms of the improvements in the system's conversion efficiency. This analysis considers the influence of the system's voltage gain, the auxiliary dc/dc converter's efficiency, and the possibility of...

Assessing the Demand Response Potential of Heat Pumps in All-Electric Buildings Equipped with PV, EV (V2G) and BES to Minimize Energy Costs

An integrated energy system consisted of PV panels, EV (electric vehicle), BES (battery energy storage), and a HP (heat pump) coupled with thermal storage tanks (TES) has been studied. The research aimed to minimize the total energy costs by scheduling the optimal power consumption of each device as response to two external signals as part of a...

Battery Storage Integration in EV Fast Charging Station for Increasing its Revenues and Reducing the Grid Impact

This paper discusses the design and optimization of electric vehicles’ fast-charging stations with on-site photovoltaic energy production and a battery energy storage system. Three scenarios, varying the number of chargers, distance from the main grid, and on-site photovoltaic generation potential, are investigated. Such scenarios are...

Optimal Battery Energy Storage Dispatch in Energy and Frequency Regulation Markets While Peak Shaving an EV Fast Charging Station

Battery Energy Storage Systems typically procure their primary revenues from regulated energy and ancillary services markets; nonetheless, they have great potential in supporting distribution network operators and their users. This paper evaluates the potential business case of battery storage systems integrating market application and services...

Assessing the Role of Energy Storage in Multiple Energy Carriers toward Providing Ancillary Services: A Review

Renewable energy power plants and transport and heating electrification projects are being deployed to enable the replacement of fossil fuels as the primary energy source. This transition encourages distributed generation but makes the grid more weather-dependent, thus reducing its inertia. Simultaneously, electrical network operators face...

An Adaptive Control Strategy for Dynamic Response of an Autonomous DC system

The dynamic behaviour - steady-state and transient - of the DC Microgrids during power disturbance can affect the system’s general performance. A hybrid combination of energy storage devices with slow frequency response, like a Fuel Cell, and with a fast dynamic response, like a Super-Capacitor, provides an improved dynamic response to stabilise...

Optimal Battery Energy Storage System Sizing for Demand Charge Management in EV Fast Charging Stations

The high pulsating demand of fast charging stations (FCS) may cause monthly demand charges to account for a significant fraction of a station's electric bill. To reduce these costs, demand charge management can be applied to suppress peak power demands at FCSs, also using battery energy storage systems (BESS). This paper proposes a multi...

A Comprehensive Review of the Integration of Battery Energy Storage Systems Into Distribution Networks

Recent developments in the electricity sector encourage a high penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). In addition, European policies are pushing for mass deployment of Electric Vehicles (EVs). Due to their non-controllable characteristics, these loads have brought new challenges in distribution networks, resulting in increased difficulty...

Comparison of Two and Three-Level DC-AC Converters for a 100 kW Battery Energy Storage System

This paper discusses a qualitative comparison between Two and Three-Level Voltage Source Converter (VSC) topologies for battery energy storage applications. Three-Level Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) and T-Type circuit topologies are benchmarked versus the state-of-art Two-Level VSC in terms of efficiency and power density considering a 100 kW...

System design for a solar powered electric vehicle charging station for workplaces

This paper investigates the possibility of charging battery electric vehicles at workplace in Netherlands using solar energy. Data from the Dutch Meteorological Institute is used to determine the optimal orientation of PV panels for maximum energy yield in the Netherlands. The seasonal and diurnal variation in solar insolation is analyzed to...

Energy Storage and Power Management for Typical 4Q-Load

Diesel generators in small electricity grids are mostly not used in a very efficient way. The reason for this is twofold. First of all, the efficiency of a diesel generator is dependent on the ratio determined by the average power divided by the peak power of the generator. The smaller this ratio is, the lower the efficiency. Furthermore, some...