Prototype X: A Cost-Based Design Optimization of an Upper Stage Liquid Propulsion Module with Green-Storable Propellants

This paper investigates the cost­-benefit, payload performance and technical feasibility of green storable upper stage design concepts on their potential implementation with existing launchers. Since the demand for reliable, safe, and cost­-effective transport to space is growing, it is necessary to find sustain­able rocket propellant solutions....