3D property formation in complex infrastructure- and building projects - Exemplified by the Slussen project in Stockholm

This paper describes the use of 3D real property formation at a major construction site in Stockholm, Sweden, project Slussen. Real property formation with complex 3D volumes and numerous real properties and associated rights, restrictions and responsibilities (RRRs) has to be shown with the real properties and RRRs in relation to each other....

Visualisation of 3D Property Units - experiences from a case study in Stockholm, Sweden

This paper focuses on experiences concerning a project aiming at visualisation of three-dimensional (3D) property units in Stockholm, Sweden. The Swedish national registration system, the national real property register, includes a textual description as well as a two-dimensional map, normally consisting of a scan of the legal map document...

Determination of the property boundary: A review of selected civil law jurisdictions

The boundary of real property is the fundamental element for securing rights attached to land. Countries, even with a long-standing cadastral tradition, often face the challenge of interpreting the course of a parcel boundary on the ground based on the available evidence, as data quality is very heterogeneous. Various cadastral principles and...

Towards 3D-Real Property Cadastre in Slovenia

The article presents the Slovenian land administration system focusing on the cadastral registration of buildings. We present the current structure of the land administration system and the latest upgrades introduced in 2018. In addition, we outline the main changes in the near future as a result of the new legislation adopted in April 2021 that...

LADM: the next phase

Eight years after its launch, many countries are using the Land Administration Domain Model to develop land administration systems. Christiaan Lemmen, Peter van Oosterom and Eftychia Kalogianni report on the implementations so far – as well as what to expect from the next version.

A framework for assessing cadastral data as a source for 3D indoor modelling

This article focuses on 3D indoor modelling of buildings using cadastral data as an alternative way of indoor spatial data acquisition. Despite the rapid development of indoor spatial data acquisition technology, there are no existing solutions that would enable mass acquisition of indoor data. The main motivation for our research was the...

Special Issue "Research and Development Progress in 3D Cadastral Systems"

This Special Issue is devoted to all aspects of 3D Cadastres: legal, organization, and technical aspects. This is a subject where practice and research do meet, influence, stimulate and support each other. The Special Issue aims for papers showing the progress in key areas of 3D Cadastres: Legal framework 3D Cadastres, Initial registration of 3D...

Overview of the Croatian Land Administration System and the possibilities for its upgrade to 3D by existing data

This paper explores the laws and other legal acts related to the Croatian 3D cadastre with an emphasis on those which relate to interests in strata, spatial planning, and other regulations that are valid or were valid on Croatian territory. The effects of the application of these regulations on the present situation of registration in...

LandXML encoding of mixed 2d and 3d survey plans with multi-level topology

Cadastral spatial units around the world range from simple 2D parcels to complex 3D collections of spaces, defined at levels of sophistication from textural descriptions to complete, rigorous mathematical descriptions based on measurements and coordinates. The most common spatial unit in a cadastral database is the 2D land parcel-the basic...

3D Cadastral Objects of the Hellenic Cadastre

Real properties are the cornerstone of any cadastral system. Consequently, real property modelling as a means of accurate representations of real properties is of great importance, especially taking into consideration various types of real properties that exist in different national legal frameworks. In Greece, these mostly arise from the Civil...

3D Real Property Legal Concepts and Cadastre: A Comparative Study of Selected Countries to Propose a Way Forward

The concepts of three-dimensional (3D) real property have been the subject of increased interest in land use management and research since the late ‘90s while literature provides various examples of extensive research towards 3D Cadastres as well as already implementing 3D cadastral systems. However, in most countries the legal aspects of 3D...

Contribution of Existing Documentation in 3D Cadastre

Over the last decades, land exploitation is getting more intense in order to satisfy public and private needs of modern societies. The intensification of 3D space exploitation includes complicated rights, restrictions and responsibilities (RRRs) that need to be unambiguously registered. In this direction, the incorporation of 3D aspects of real...

Specialization of the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM): Modelling on non-formal RRR

This paper proposes a more detailed classification of the legal part of the LADM, ISO 19152, (i.e. interests in land) than possible in the current standard (ISO, 2012) today and is an attempt to raise awareness of the possibilities to further develop the LADMs ‘right’, ‘restriction’ and ‘responsibility’ classes (RRR). The term ‘land’ is here...

Specialization of the LADM - Modelling of Non-formal RRR

This paper proposes a more detailed classification of the legal part of the LADM, ISO 19152, (i.e. interests in land) than possible in the current standard (ISO, 2012) today and is an attempt to raise awareness of the possibilities to further develop the LADMs ‘right’, ‘restriction’ and ‘responsibility’ classes (RRR). The term ‘land’ is here...

Specialization of the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM): An Option for Expanding the Legal Profiles

The Land Administration Domain Model, LADM, passed on the 1st of November 2012 unanimously the final vote towards becoming an international standard, ISO 19152. Based on the standard this paper is a proposal for a more detailed classification of interests in land as modelled within LADM and an attempt to raise the awareness of the possibilities...

Real property transactions: Procedures, transaction costs and models