Influence of Pile Diameter and Aspect Ratio on the Lateral Response of Monopiles in Sand with Different Relative Densities

The large-diameter monopiles are the most preferred foundation used in offshore wind farms. However, the influence of pile diameter and aspect ratio on the lateral bearing behavior of monopiles in sand with different relative densities has not been systematically studied. This study presents a series of well-calibrated finite-element (FE)...

A simple rotational spring model for laterally loaded rigid piles in sand

Monopiles are the most popular foundation for offshore wind turbines. These foundations typically have a low length to diameter ratio and undergo a rigid body rotation when subjected to lateral load. This paper presents results from an extensive numerical investigation involving 3D finite element analyses to demonstrate that the lateral...

Ultimate soil resistance of the laterally loaded pile in uniform sand

Piles have been widely used as foundations to resist lateral loads. For the design of a laterally loaded pile, one of the most important inputs is the ultimate soil resistance (p_ult = K_ultDσv^′,whereKult is the ultimate lateral soil resistance coefficient, D is the pile diameter, and σv^′ is the...

Lateral behavior of monopiles in sand under monotonic loading: Insights and a new simple design model

This paper presents a synthesis of recent and new research conducted by the authors on laterally loaded monopiles in drained sand. The research involved reduced-scale field tests, centrifuge model tests, finite element (FE) simulations and comparisons of design approaches with published experimental data. The influence of the monopile base on...