District heating with complexity: Anticipating unintended consequences in the transition towards a climate-neutral city in the Netherlands

District heating systems are considered a feasible heating alternative to replace natural gas to mitigate emissions in cities. However, urban transitions are very complex because energy systems often operate in densely populated areas, which gives rise to all kinds of interdependencies in cities. These interdependencies can result in...

Socio-technical infrastructure interdependencies and their implications for urban sustainability; recent insights from the Netherlands

Cities are increasingly recognized as potential motors of sustainability transitions. These transitions build on existing as well as new infrastructures, and these infrastructures mutually influence each other in many ways, a phenomenon known as infrastructure interdependencies. These infrastructure interdependencies have significant...