Climate Adaptation of Rubble Mound Breakwaters: A study to the accuracy of overtopping formulas for combination of solutions

Rubble mound structures are often constructed to prevent severe wave damage to ships. By constructing the crest at a certain level, the waves are reduced such that safety is ensured. However, a large increase in sea level rise is expected in the next century due to climate change. Because of this, multiple adaptations might be necessary to meet...

Numerical estimation of wave loads on crest walls on top of rubble mound breakwaters using OpenFOAM

The design of hydraulic structures like breakwaters and crest walls is often based on empirical formulations, physical models test, numerical models and a fair amount of expert judgement. Each technique has its own pros and cons. The main limitation of the empirical formulas is that often they have to be applied outside their range of validity....

An efficient numerical approach to model wave overtopping of rubble mound breakwaters

Worldwide, rubble mound breakwaters are designed and built to shelter and protect coastal areas from overtopping and flooding, especially harbours and shorelines. Rubble mound breakwaters are essential to preserve desired hydraulic conditions within the hinterland, avoiding damage to inhabited or industrial areas. This research focuses on the...

Tolerable wave overtopping during construction of a breakwater

Wave overtopping is an important aspect for the design of rubble mound breakwaters. Acceptable overtopping limits are usually based on the mean overtopping discharge or the maximum overtopping volume (EurOtop, 2018). For temporary situations, such as breakwaters under construction, overtopping limits are not clearly defined. This complicates the...

Experimental research into the effect of freeboard on the stability of a crown wall on a rubble mound breakwater

A crown wall is a gravity based L- shaped concrete structure on top of a rubble mound breakwater. Functions of a crown wall are: reduction of wave overtopping, enable transport on the breakwater and placement of pipelines on top of the flat surface. Marine contractor Van Oord was awarded to extend a breakwater with a crown wall on top, located...