Title
The scope of the antimicrobial resistance challenge
Author
Okeke, Iruka N. (University of Ibadan, Ibadan)
de Kraker, Marlieke E.A. (University Hospital of Geneva; WHO Collaborating Centre)
Van Boeckel, Thomas P. (ETH Zürich; One Health Trust)
Kumar, Chirag K. (One Health Trust)
Schmitt, H. (TU Delft BT/Environmental Biotechnology; Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM)) 
Gales, Ana C. (Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo)
Bertagnolio, Silvia (World Health Organization)
Sharland, Mike (St George's University of London)
Laxminarayan, Ramanan (Princeton University; One Health Trust)
Date
2024
Abstract
Each year, an estimated 7·7 million deaths are attributed to bacterial infections, of which 4.95 million are associated with drug-resistant pathogens, and 1·27 million are caused by bacterial pathogens resistant to the antibiotics available. Access to effective antibiotics when indicated prolongs life, reduces disability, reduces health-care expenses, and enables access to other life-saving medical innovations. Antimicrobial resistance undoes these benefits and is a major barrier to attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals, including targets for newborn survival, progress on healthy ageing, and alleviation of poverty. Adverse consequences from antimicrobial resistance are seen across the human life course in both health-care-associated and community-associated infections, as well as in animals and the food chain. The small set of effective antibiotics has narrowed, especially in resource-poor settings, and people who are very young, very old, and severely ill are particularly susceptible to resistant infections. This paper, the first in a Series on the challenge of antimicrobial resistance, considers the global scope of the problem and how it should be measured. Robust and actionable data are needed to drive changes and inform effective interventions to contain resistance. Surveillance must cover all geographical regions, minimise biases towards hospital-derived data, and include non-human niches.
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00876-6
Embargo date
2024-11-23
ISSN
0140-6736
Source
The Lancet Neurology, 403 (10442), 2426-2438
Bibliographical note
Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.
Part of collection
Institutional Repository
Document type
review
Rights
© 2024 Iruka N. Okeke, Marlieke E.A. de Kraker, Thomas P. Van Boeckel, Chirag K. Kumar, H. Schmitt, Ana C. Gales, Silvia Bertagnolio, Mike Sharland, Ramanan Laxminarayan