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Web publication
(2024)
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G. Slingerland, Krista Schram, Tamar Fischer, Linda Zuijderwijk, Joost Jansen, Wenda Doff
Livestock production forms a threat to the environment and human health, while meat consumption increases due to global population and income growth. Commercial scale cultivated meat production provides a credible alternative due to its resemblance to the taste, texture and looks of conventional meat. In order to commercialize cultivated meat, major technological improvements are needed to scale-up its production from laboratory to commercial scale. This requires an animal cell line that can provide a food-grade product. Quail suspension cell line CCX.E10 is not genetically modified, is spontaneously immortalized and cultivated in animal component free medium. To research the growth kinetics of the cell line for commercial scale production investigation at a laboratory scale is required. Through this research a seed-train protocol to scale-up CCX.E10 cell bank to a scale-down model, namely a DASbox mini bioreactor system, was improved. Additionally, the growth kinetics of CCX.E10 were characterized during batch cultivation, while utilizing this system. A Design-of-Experiments approach was developed to understand what variables have the largest impact on growth kinetics of CCX.E10 to improve operational conditions. Input variables of the approach include the aeration rate, agitation rate and dissolved oxygen concentration of the bioreactor. This research found an exponential specific growth rate of 0.016 h-1 and viable cell density of 2.1x10^6 cells/mL for batch cultivation of cell line CCX.E10 in a DASbox bioreactor. A cell-specific lactate production rate 30% higher than the cell-specific glucose consumption rate was observed during the lag phase of cell cultivation. The growth kinetics derived during cell proliferation suggest that cell line CCX.E10 exhibits the Warburg effect. The findings indicate that the operational conditions for cultivated meat production based on CCX.E10 require further improvement to design a commercial scale bioprocess.
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Livestock production forms a threat to the environment and human health, while meat consumption increases due to global population and income growth. Commercial scale cultivated meat production provides a credible alternative due to its resemblance to the taste, texture and looks of conventional meat. In order to commercialize cultivated meat, major technological improvements are needed to scale-up its production from laboratory to commercial scale. This requires an animal cell line that can provide a food-grade product. Quail suspension cell line CCX.E10 is not genetically modified, is spontaneously immortalized and cultivated in animal component free medium. To research the growth kinetics of the cell line for commercial scale production investigation at a laboratory scale is required. Through this research a seed-train protocol to scale-up CCX.E10 cell bank to a scale-down model, namely a DASbox mini bioreactor system, was improved. Additionally, the growth kinetics of CCX.E10 were characterized during batch cultivation, while utilizing this system. A Design-of-Experiments approach was developed to understand what variables have the largest impact on growth kinetics of CCX.E10 to improve operational conditions. Input variables of the approach include the aeration rate, agitation rate and dissolved oxygen concentration of the bioreactor. This research found an exponential specific growth rate of 0.016 h-1 and viable cell density of 2.1x10^6 cells/mL for batch cultivation of cell line CCX.E10 in a DASbox bioreactor. A cell-specific lactate production rate 30% higher than the cell-specific glucose consumption rate was observed during the lag phase of cell cultivation. The growth kinetics derived during cell proliferation suggest that cell line CCX.E10 exhibits the Warburg effect. The findings indicate that the operational conditions for cultivated meat production based on CCX.E10 require further improvement to design a commercial scale bioprocess.
Design feedback has the potential to either benefit or impede pupils’ creative design processes and the output they produce. When used effectively, critical comments and questions can support pupils’ creative thinking processes by encouraging both generative and evaluative thinking abilities. Despite the apparent benefits that feedback practices can bring to the creative processes in design and technology classrooms, it is not always easy to create valuable and constructive feedback exchanges. Difficulties have been observed, with the giver in constructing feedback and the receiver in handling and utilising this feedback. Furthermore, the pupils using the design feedback rarely happens without guidance; therefore, it is particularly important to develop the feedback capabilities of both the feedback giver and the feedback receiver. There has been little research focusing on generating practical pedagogical guidance on how to implement effective design feedback practices. The general feedback literature provides insights that are often not directly translatable to creative contexts and studies on design feedback practices at a university level often do not focus on its pedagogical guidance. In this chapter, the author therefore discusses how both teachers and pupils can be supported to foster effective feedback practices in design and technology classrooms.
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Design feedback has the potential to either benefit or impede pupils’ creative design processes and the output they produce. When used effectively, critical comments and questions can support pupils’ creative thinking processes by encouraging both generative and evaluative thinking abilities. Despite the apparent benefits that feedback practices can bring to the creative processes in design and technology classrooms, it is not always easy to create valuable and constructive feedback exchanges. Difficulties have been observed, with the giver in constructing feedback and the receiver in handling and utilising this feedback. Furthermore, the pupils using the design feedback rarely happens without guidance; therefore, it is particularly important to develop the feedback capabilities of both the feedback giver and the feedback receiver. There has been little research focusing on generating practical pedagogical guidance on how to implement effective design feedback practices. The general feedback literature provides insights that are often not directly translatable to creative contexts and studies on design feedback practices at a university level often do not focus on its pedagogical guidance. In this chapter, the author therefore discusses how both teachers and pupils can be supported to foster effective feedback practices in design and technology classrooms.
Journal article
(2026)
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J Ferrer, Amador García-Fuente, Y. Yang, S. Volosheniuk, H.S.J. van der Zant
In this article we analyze the many-body behavior of freestanding doped graphene nanoribbons where the chemical potential lies inside the bulk single-particle bands. We perform an exact mapping from both an extended and an on-site Hubbard model of the ribbons to a Kanamori model, which includes ferromagnetic exchange and pair-hopping interactions. We determine the resulting Coulomb matrix elements analytically, and identify their scaling behavior as a function of ribbon width and length. We propose a low-energy version of the Kanamori Hamiltonian to address the response of the ribbons to external fields, with a view to their use as transport channels in nanoelectronics. We find that the model and the proposed ribbon parameters can produce open-shell, high-spin, many-body states that can lead to shell- and spin-blockade responses.
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In this article we analyze the many-body behavior of freestanding doped graphene nanoribbons where the chemical potential lies inside the bulk single-particle bands. We perform an exact mapping from both an extended and an on-site Hubbard model of the ribbons to a Kanamori model, which includes ferromagnetic exchange and pair-hopping interactions. We determine the resulting Coulomb matrix elements analytically, and identify their scaling behavior as a function of ribbon width and length. We propose a low-energy version of the Kanamori Hamiltonian to address the response of the ribbons to external fields, with a view to their use as transport channels in nanoelectronics. We find that the model and the proposed ribbon parameters can produce open-shell, high-spin, many-body states that can lead to shell- and spin-blockade responses.