The Eco-design for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR) mandates Digital Product Passports (DPPs) to enhance product traceability and enable circular value chains. While DPPs are expected to improve material transparency and compliance, their implementation also impacts value exchanges across industrial ecosystems. This research-in-progress paper examines how DPPs reconfigure information flows and value exchanges within the green steel transition, reshaping business ecosystems and generating tensions. Using value modelling of the Groeien met Groen Staal (GGS) ecosystem, the study identifies inter-actor tensions and develops a preliminary taxonomy across three dimensions: transparency versus control, coordination versus autonomy, and value creation versus value capture. The taxonomy provides a structured lens for analysing how digital infrastructures redistribute information, governance, and value in circular ecosystems. Future empirical iterations will validate and refine the taxonomy through stakeholder engagement within the GGS consortium. ... Read more

Electroencephalography Source Imaging (ESI) reconstructs cortical activity from scalp measurements. Current methods face three distinct bottlenecks: they require externally computed leadfields, struggle to generalize across varying electrode montages, and often produce deterministic point estimates that ignore spatial uncertainty. We introduce a geometry-conditioned architecture that overcomes these limitations by processing continuous 3D electrode coordinates. The imager predicts an internal leadfield to bypass external forward models at inference, while an autoregressive decoder samples alternative sets of active parcels to model spatial ambiguity. On matched 256-channel synthetic data, our deterministic estimate reduces median localization error by 13.4% to 9.7 mm and increases AUPRC from 0.749 to 0.787. This mapping successfully transfers to real clinical EEG featuring known intracranial stimulation sites. The autoregressive architecture reduces median peak-to-site distance by 15.5% to 22.3 mm relative to the best-performing baseline. Furthermore, training the imager jointly across four standard layouts enables genuine zero-shot transfer to unseen 21-, 76-, and 256-channel montages. On these unseen configurations, the median localization error ranges from 10.4 to 16.5 mm, remaining comparable to the 10.6 mm error achieved on the training layouts. ... Read more

The integration of massive offshore wind into hybrid AC-HVDC grids demands robust DC voltage regulation, yet conventional fixed-gain droop controllers struggle under severe stochastic volatility. This paper bridges the gap between system-level dispatch and converter-level control by proposing a Stochastic Optimal Power Flow (SOPF)-based adaptive droop framework. Rather than relying on heuristic or reactive tuning, wind forecast uncertainty is modeled using a zone-wise Beta distribution that accurately captures the heteroscedastic nature of wind errors across low, mid, and high-power regimes. By leveraging Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE) within a chance-constrained SOPF, the system’s stochastic states are formulated analytically. Crucially, the adaptive droop gain is extracted directly from the first-order PCE coefficients through a sensitivity analysis, transferring the probabilistic voltage-security information of the stochastic dispatch to the local converter control. Validation on a 4-terminal AC-HVDC system demonstrates that scenario-adaptive gains significantly outperform standard fixed-coefficient approaches, effectively minimizing active-power tracking errors during extreme wind disturbances. ... Read more

The transition from point-to-point HVDC links to multiterminal HVDC (MT-HVDC) grids increases the need to understand how the interruption of DC current shapes transient dielectric stress on connected cable systems. This paper develops a compact parameterization of the DC circuit breaker–cable interface in a reduced 525 kV MT-HVDC grid. The interruption process is characterized by transient interruption voltage (TIV), fault neutralization time, fault current limiting reactor (FCLR) value, and source-side condition. Kirchhoff-based circuit relations interpret the dominant mechanisms, while EMT simulations with a frequency-dependent cable model quantify the healthy-cable voltage response. A 54-case screening study shows that the highest peak stress occurs for high TIV, long tf, low FCLR, and source-supported operation. Several cases exceed the DC long transient overvoltage (DC-LTrOV) reference level, showing that TIV reduction or source removal alone is insufficient to mitigate the associated cable stresses. The results provide traceable input for insulation coordination and assessment of interruption-driven cable stress exposure. ... Read more

In the last few years, several studies have detected changes in the rainfall regime which may have an impact on hydrological extremes and water resources availability. In addition, the lack of continuous observations as well as the significant transformations of river basins limits our ability to fully characterize hydrological response. Therefore, it is urgent to update current methods and tools in order to shed light on the expected hydrological changes.In the present study, we try to construct a detailed description of extreme flow patterns in Southern Italy in the period 1920-2020. For this reason, the dataset of annual maximum discharges was constructed using all available records and extended using indirect measurements (e.g., daily discharge and water levels). The data before 1980 were collected in the SIMN Special Publication No. 17 and in the SIMN Hydrological Yearbooks, which provide the annual maximum flow rates and the annual rating curves. Hydrological observatory have been transferred to the regional Department of Civil Protection, but only water level observations are available for the most recent period.Dataset from different sources requires a significant effort to reconstruct reliable timeseries. In order to extend the historical series of floods annual maxima, we tried to transform mean daily maxima into peak flow values by means of a conversion factor proposed by Taguas et al. (2008). Additionally, the database was also integrated with the most recent data converting water level measurements in annual floods by using the annual maxima flow rating curve. Such rating curve turned out to be quite stable over time as demonstrated by Claps et al. (2010) and it was verified using also hydraulic numerical models.The present study results complement the outcomes of the recent study by Blöschl et al. (2017), who investigated flood trends over the last five decades in Europe. This study provided a clear overview on the recent tendencies in Europe except for southern Italy because of the limited and discontinuous data availability. Therefore, the study allowed to reconstruct a relevant number of timeseries representative of the entire southern Italy. The homogeneity of the reconstructed data have been verified using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Then, the obtained series were analysed in order to detect possible trends by using the Mann-Kendall non-parametric test. Results highlights the dynamics of flood production over the entire southern Italy. ... Read more