X-ray micro-tomographic imaging and modelling of saline ice properties in concrete frost salt scaling experiments

Frost salt scaling of concrete is related to cyclic freezing and melting of a few millimeter thick deicer solution on the surface of the concrete. It is almost absent when pure water is freezing and reaches a maximum at a so-called pessimum concentration that for NaCl is around 3%. Different mechanisms have been suggested to explain this...

Revisiting concrete frost salt scaling: On the role of the frozen salt solution micro-structure

We simulate the glue-spall stress due to mechanical interactions between a frozen saline solution (brine-ice composite) and a non-air entrained concrete surface including the impact of the micro-structure of the frozen solution. The presence of brine channels at the ice/concrete interface was found to be a prerequisite to induce stress during...