A Flow Graph-Based Scalable Critical Branch Identification Approach for AC State Estimation Under Load Redistribution Attacks

This article offers a novel perspective on identifying the critical branches under load redistribution (LR) attacks. Compared to the existing literature that is largely disruption-driven and based on dc state estimation, we propose to address the threat from LR attacks on a more fundamental level by modeling and analyzing the circulation of...

Nanoprobes for PET/MR Imaging

The development of clinical imaging techniques significantly improves diagnostic accuracy and provides guidance for personalized treatment of individuals. However, every single imaging modality has its distinct drawbacks that cannot fully fulfil the diagnosis requirement. Thus, rational combination of different imaging modalities can achieve...

Bilevel Model for Protection-Branch Measurements-Based Topology Attack Against DC and AC State Estimations

A topology attack, as a special class of false data injection attacks, tampers with topology information of a system to mislead the decision of the control center. This article conducts an in-depth study on topology attacks that aim to interfere with the judgment in topology information and pose potential damage by tampering with measurement...

A Novel Bilevel False Data Injection Attack Model Based on Pre-and Post-Dispatch

This letter develops a new bilevel optimization model to construct false data injection attack based on pre- and post- dispatch. In order to enhance the attack concealment, the proposed bilevel model can minimize the variation of uploaded measurements between pre- and post-attack before dispatching, after which the attack can lead the system...

Efficiency of multi-beam Fourier phase gratings at 1.4 THz

We compare the results of simulated and measured power efficiency and far-field beam pattern, for two reflective Fourier phase gratings, designed to generate 2 x 2 and 2 x 4 beams respectively from a single-beam, coherent source at 1.4 THz. The designed surface structures were manufactured on aluminum plates by a computer numerical control ...

A 2 × 2 array receiver at 1.4 THz based on HEB mixers and a Fourier phase grating local oscillator

We report on realization of a 2 × 2 NbN hot electron bolometer (HEB) array receiver using multiple local oscillator (LO) beams that are obtained from a Fourier phase grating mirror. The grating splits a 1.4 THz single beam into four uniform sub-beams. Two 50mm lenses are applied to collimate each beam in order to achieve a spacing of 12mm...

Fourier phase grating for THz multi-beam local oscillators

A Fourier phase grating mirror will be applied to split a single, coherent terahertz source beam into multi-beams, which are spatially distributed as required for the local oscillator in an array receiver. We report on the simulation, design and fabrication of a Fourier phase grating at 1.25 THz for generating 2×2 beams, and the measurements at...