Research on shutdown purge characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Purge parameters conspicuity and residual water

This paper comprehensively investigates the purge mechanism of proton exchange membrane fuel cells during the shutdown process, which qualitatively examines the effect of purge parameters (including current density, stoichiometric ratio, and relative humidity) on water content variation, and further quantitatively investigates the remaining...

Engineered biochemical cues of regenerative biomaterials to enhance endogenous stem/progenitor cells (ESPCs)-mediated articular cartilage repair

As a highly specialized shock-absorbing connective tissue, articular cartilage (AC) has very limited self-repair capacity after traumatic injuries, posing a heavy socioeconomic burden. Common clinical therapies for small- to medium-size focal AC defects are well-developed endogenous repair and cell-based strategies, including microfracture,...

Toward a Universal Unit for Quantification of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Environmental Samples

Surveillance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has been increasingly conducted in environmental sectors to complement the surveys in human and animal sectors under the "One-Health"framework. However, there are substantial challenges in comparing and synthesizing the results of multiple studies that employ different test methods and...

Bending study of submarine power cables based on a repeated unit cell model

Predicting the bending behaviours of a submarine power cable (SPC) is always a tough task due to its complex geometry and inner layer contact, not to mention the stick–slip mechanism. A full-scale finite element model is cumbersome during the early design stage and a more efficient model for practical use is required. Therefore, in this paper...

An approach for sizing a PV–battery–electrolyzer–fuel cell energy system: A case study at a field lab

Hydrogen is becoming increasingly popular as a clean, secure, and affordable energy source for the future. This study develops an approach for designing a PV–battery–electrolyzer–fuel cell energy system that utilizes hydrogen as a long-term storage medium and battery as a short-term storage medium. The system is designed to supply load demand...

High Cationic Dispersity Boosted Oxygen Reduction Reactivity in Multi-Element Doped Perovskites

Oxygen-ion conducting perovskite oxides are important functional materials for solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen-permeable membranes operating at high temperatures (>500 °C). Co-doped perovskites have recently shown their potential to boost oxygen-related kinetics, but challenges remain in understanding the underlying mechanisms. This...

An Interface Co-modification Strategy for Improving the Efficiency and Stability of CsPbI₃Perovskite Solar Cells

Interface engineering is a simple and effective strategy for improving the photovoltaic performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, an interface co-modification strategy is proposed, using [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylenediammonium iodide (2FPPD) to modify the electron...

Identification of a Disease-Associated Network of Intestinal Immune Cells in Treatment-Naive Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Chronic intestinal inflammation underlies inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Previous studies indicated alterations in the cellular immune system; however, it has been challenging to interrogate the role of all immune cell subsets simultaneously. Therefore, we aimed to identify immune cell types associated with inflammation in IBD using high...

Advances on methane reforming in solid oxide fuel cells

With the demand for anticipated green hydrogen and power production, novel and upgraded catalytic processes are desired for more effective utilization of precious natural resources. Methane steam reforming is an advanced and matured technology for converting methane to hydrogen and syngas. As a renewable energy resource containing a large...

Effect of Co-Solvents on the Crystallization and Phase Distribution of Mixed-Dimensional Perovskites

Solution-processed quasi-2D perovskites are promising for stable and efficient solar cells because of their superior environmental stability compared to 3D perovskites and tunable optoelectronic properties. Changing the number of inorganic layers (n) sandwiched between the organic spacers allows for tuning of the bandgap. However, narrowing...

Perovskite solar cells with embedded homojunction via nonuniform metal ion doping

A long photoluminescence decay lifetime has been regarded as a generic indication of long charge carrier recombination lifetime in semiconductors such as metal halide perovskites (MHPs), which have shown tremendous success in solar cells. Here, we report that MHP polycrystalline films with extrinsic metal ions have a very long charge...

Formamidinium-Based Dion-Jacobson Layered Hybrid Perovskites: Structural Complexity and Optoelectronic Properties

Layered hybrid perovskites have emerged as a promising alternative to stabilizing hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite materials, which are predominantly based on Ruddlesden-Popper structures. Formamidinium (FA)-based Dion-Jacobson perovskite analogs are developed that feature bifunctional organic spacers separating the hybrid perovskite slabs...

Carbon deposition in porous nickel/yttria-stabilized zirconia anode under methane atmosphere

A commercial solid oxide fuel cell with a Ni/YSZ anode was characterized under a pure methane atmosphere. The amount of deposited carbon increased with an increase in temperature but decreased when the temperature exceeded 700°C. The reactivity of carbon decreased with increasing deposition temperature. Filamentous carbon was deposited from...

Olfactomedin 4 serves as a marker for disease severity in pediatric respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection

Background Respiratory viral infections follow an unpredictable clinical course in young children ranging from a common cold to respiratory failure. The transition from mild to severe disease occurs rapidly and is difficult to predict. The pathophysiology underlying disease severity has remained elusive. There is an urgent need to better...