Application of 3D GIS to 3D Cadastre in Urban Environment

Abstract

Rapid development has promoted the 3D land use in the urban environment with the increasing requirements of the complex interweaving, such as dwellings, commercial areas, public transportation and urban utilities and infrastructure.3D cadastral object are features which concern unban planning, land resource and real estate of municipalities, whether they are on, obove or below the earth’s surface. In essence, the 3D cadastral objects are content and partition of urban geographic space, and they aim at registering legal status and property rights associated with land and other real estates or properties (Guo, Ying, 2010). It has become a huge challenge for governments to manage 3D land space breaking through the traditional 2D information system, which needs the support of 3D techniques. At the same time, 3D techniques in 3D GIS, including 3D data collection, 3D data model, 3D data management and visualization, have been applied in fields such as urban planning and virtual city. This provides a suitable background and base for developing 3D cadastral systems. Also 3D GIS offers proper methods to represent the geometry of 3D cadastral objects and to associate the property rights, semantics and transaction attributes to them. Can these techniques be directly introduced into 3D cadastral systems? Some techniques can be directly applied in 3D cadastre, while others should be further improved and adaptated to cater to the field of management in 3D land administration because of the difference of the objects between 3D GIS and 3D cadastre. There is a broad potential field where 3D GIS should be deeply studied, such as valid 3D geometric primitives, 3D integrated visualization of entities on,obove and underneath the earth's surface, as well as 3D spatial analysis. This paper aims to apply 3D GIS techniques to 3D cadastre in urban environment to bridge the gap between urban simulation and urban space management system. This paper will elaborate the details of the applications of 3D GIS to 3D cadastre from three aspects: 3D data and 3D modeling, 3D simulation and visualization, practice and decision-making support. Cadastre is a combined feature that includes the natural entity, person and party, as well as government and its authorization. Therefore, each 3D cadastral object becomes a behavior-aware 3D model because of human actions involved within the space of 3D cadastre. Moreover, the management of 3D cadastral objects leads to a geometry-aware cadastral model because there may be coincidences with other cadastral objects like a neighbors. This integrates the natural features with human beings, and promotes the harmony between people and society.