Priorização dinâmica e espacial de alimentadores para o corte seletivo de carga em redes de distribuição

Abstract

To keep the balance between energy consumption and supply in the short-term, proper planning is needed, which is subject to contingencies that interfere with its dynamics. Major events in the Brazilian Interconnected System can lead to variations in frequency and voltage, and real-time operation centers must act quickly and effectively to avoid more severe consequences, such as system collapse. Hence, the regulators establish procedures that must be respected by the agents of the electric system, among them the Regional Load Relief Scheme and the Manual Load Shed Plan. To assist those responsible in the elaboration of these procedures, this work proposes an alternative selective load-shedding methodology of feeders in distribution networks based on their location and instantaneous loading. Two approaches were used to distribute the load-shedding amount of feeders, one using optimal power flow and the other through a proportional division according to the geoelectric region. The feeders’ prioritization was developed using fuzzy logic, using as input data the number of consumers per consumption class, maximum and instantaneous power, continuity indicators, and the distance to the central region. The model used updated real data from a system with 406 substations, 615 lines, and 2076 feeders, reaching all the requested load sheds and avoiding unnecessary sheds in substations. The advantage of the optimal power flow compared to the proportional division by the geoelectric region is that it brings a more robust methodology, with electrical parameters defined to minimize the impact in the National Interconnected System. The fuzzy logic proved to be an alternative for prioritizing feeders since its result doesn’t require another tiebreaker criterion for feeders in the same substation, and when grouped by region, few cases. The use of variables such as instantaneous power, feeder georeferencing, and continuity indicators as feeder prioritization variables represent an improvement in the current methodologies, since it brings dynamism to updating procedures, reduce impacts on load shedding and provides isonomy to consumers.