AMulti-jurisdiction Case Study of 3D Cadastre in Shenzhen, China as Experiment using the LADM

Abstract

With the increasing urban population, and the urban exploitation and utilization, especially in the subsurface and the air, various spaces above and below each other are built and belonging to different owners or users. Although the traditional 2D cadastre still plays a dominant role in land administration, urban resource and space management, specific needs for the registration related to 3D situations are posing growing challenges in land and space management. This has triggered the researchers’ attention and studies. However, there is hardly any reported effective and efficient method concerning the implementation of an operational 3D cadastre system. 3D parcels can be located in the underground, on or above the surface of the earth (including the land, the water or the air). The unique character of the 3D parcel is its gene, the occupation of 3D geographic space. In general, land administration system registers the rights, restriction and responsibilities (RRRs) of a particular spatial unit (parcel) in a particular time span. This includes the information about party, RRR and spatial units, which may vary between different countries with their own legal regimes. Traditional 2D parcels are at best only the reference or entrance to these 3D situations. There may be some RRRs associated to the 3D parcels. The traditional solution is a map with 2D parcels and attached to such a 2D parcel may be an RRR with 3D implication (and more details may be found in the legal registers, but not in the cadastral map). Now, the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) provides a basic model to truly support the 3D parcels. In our case study we focus on a real 3D parcel in the Shenzhen Bay Port as the relevant area, which is divided and regulated by government of Shenzhen and by the government of Hong Kong. The party of Hong Kong is involved to register the new legal status of a 3D part in the area at the Shenzhen side. Although Shenzhen and Hong Kong are all unified in P.R. China, they enforce different legal systems, which results in the particularity of this area. The paper takes the registration of this special case as an example and the details of the case are described and analyzed, both the physical and legal space, and the involved parties and RRRs. To document this specific multi-jurisdiction use case, it is attempted to apply the LADM (instance level diagrams) to register the situation. The advanced 3D GIS techniques are capable to provide the solutions for the presentation and management of 3D cadastral objects. The true 3D primitives are built with the 3D data to represent the 3D cadastral objects.