Print Email Facebook Twitter Design, development and validation of more realistic models for teaching breast examination Title Design, development and validation of more realistic models for teaching breast examination Author Veitch, D.E. (TU Delft Applied Ergonomics and Design) Bochner, Melissa (Royal Adelaide Hospital) Fellner, Lilian (Flinders University) Leigh, Christopher (University of Adelaide) Owen, Harry (Flinders University) Date 2018 Abstract Our objective was to design, develop and validate better clinical breast examination (CBE) models addressing the deficiencies of previous models. Detailed research and amethodological design approach led to the development of a new technique for creating lifelike models for teaching CBE. Six multi-layered breast models representing a range of normal human variation for durity (hardness/softness), nodularity (fibro-glandular tissue) and adiposity (fatty tissue) were developed and validated. Various construction materials, MRI scans, traditional casting and three-dimensional (3D) printing were used to build models with lifelike look and feel (biofidelic). The models realistic in anthropometry (size and shape), feel (durity and nodularity) and appearance (skin feel and colouring) – visual biofidelity enhances perception of feel– incorporate anatomically correct layering of ribs, soft adipose tissue, nodularity and additional signs of breast disease, both benign and pathological.These were validated by four breast surgeons who compared their feel alongside a sample of breast patients (N = 78). Models were rated as ‘undecided’, ‘similar’ or ‘very similar’ to 81% of patients for nodularity and 82% for durity. These are the first models to incorporate normal human variability and be validated with real patients. These novelbiofidelic models provide a standardized way of teaching health professionals normal from abnormal. Subject Medical simulationclinical breast examinationdesign processbiofidelic manikinmedical teaching To reference this document use: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:23f511af-e25f-4541-94e5-8604a27f6b4b DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/24735132.2018.1451454 ISSN 2473-5140 Source Design for Health, 2 (1), 40-57 Part of collection Institutional Repository Document type journal article Rights © 2018 D.E. Veitch, Melissa Bochner, Lilian Fellner, Christopher Leigh, Harry Owen /islandora/object/uuid:23f511af-e25f-4541-94e5-8604a27f6b4b/datastream/OBJ/view