Tornado Detection using a Dual Polarimetric X-band Doppler Weather Radar in The Netherlands

Abstract

Hazardous whirlwind and tornado events are uncommon in the Netherlands. Though, the phenomenon is more frequently spotted over the last years, where significant damage is reported. In the United States, literature studies suggest that due to the increase of the Earth's surface temperature tornadoes will become more frequent and intense. This consequence might affect Europe as well. Therefore, a case study is conducted in order to investigate the current technological abilities within the Netherlands in order to protect itself against possible tornado hazards. In this study the development of an EF1 tornado, reaching wind speed between 138-177 km/h, was detected on 03 November 2013 by the high resolution polarimetric X-band radar IDRA. Results have shown that IDRA was able to detect tornado signatures such as hook echo, V-notch and wind shear, 20 minutes prior touchdown. These observations were verified by multiple systems, located near IDRA site, including radar profiles, C-band radars. Moreover, in-situ measurements were available during the evolution of the tornado storm. From this synergy-based analysis, made possible by the Cabauw Experimental Site for Atmospheric Research (CESAR) and the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), it was found that their combined efforts can potentially lead to an effective system for early warning detection of tornadoes.