Deniz

A Robust Bidding Strategy for Negotiation Support Systems

Conference paper (2021)

Authors

C.M. Jonker Interactive Intelligence - EEMCS , Universiteit Leiden
Reyhan Aydoğan Interactive Intelligence - EEMCS , Özyeğin University
Research Group
Interactive Intelligence (EEMCS) (TU Delft)
Copyright: © 2021 C.M. Jonker, Reyhan Aydoğan
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5869-6_3
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Published Date

2021

Language

English

Reuse Rights

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Faculty

Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science

Department

Intelligent Systems

Research Group

Interactive Intelligence

Abstract

This paper presents the Deniz agent that has been specifically designed to support human negotiators in their bidding. The design of Deniz is done with the criteria of robustness and the availability of small data, due to a small number of negotiation rounds in mind. Deniz’s bidding strategy is based on an existing optimal concession strategy that concedes in relation to the expected duration of the negotiation. This accounts for the small data and small number of rounds. Deniz deploys an adaptive behavior-based mechanism to make it robust against exploitation. We tested Deniz against typical bidding strategies and against human negotiators. Our evaluation shows that Deniz is robust against exploitation and gains statistically significant higher utilities than human test subjects, even though it is not designed specifically to get the highest utility against humans.