Design of a PV System

Abstract

Solar photovoltaic (PV) modules are able to compete with the electricity grid in more and more European countries. Combined with the current sustainability trend, predictions can be made of a market growth for PV systems. However, conventional PV modules are not considered visually attractive by a lot of consumers. This statement is confirmed by user research performed in the analysis phase of this project, along with a preference for PV systems that are easily installed, have low maintenance, and are customizable. Users indicate that attractive PV modules should look good and be well-integrated in the building they are placed on, i.e. not look like a late addition. This project aims to find opportunities to meet this request for an attractive module system by means of literature research and contact with Ubbink Solar, a PV module producer. Technical possibilities of PV cells have been researched in terms of alternatives in efficiency, price, colors, and transparency options. The existing PV system has been researched in terms of module structure, manufacturing, materials, balance of system, and connecting PV systems to the grid. PV modules on buildings have been researched, focusing on the buildings of Europe, placing modules on buildings, and renovations in Europe. Additionally, an overview of the PV market in Europe is described. Finally, now that the possibilities are known, a survey is used to identify and prioritize requirements for a PV system according to the user. The results of the analysis have been used to formulize a design goal: ‘Designing a PV building envelope system that is: esthetically pleasing as well as fitting in the environment, easy to install, has high efficiency, and interacts with the user, to be employed in the renovation of residential buildings in Europe as from 2014.’ In the conceptualization phase, several ideas have been generated. After evaluation, the decision is made to design Ivy, a solar conservatory system that not only provides light, panoramic view and an attractive design, but also utilizes PV technology to generate green electricity for any kind of home. Conservatories are a popular choice as a means to bring more light into your home and offer a nice view into the garden. They will add considerable value to any real estate property. Some people are discouraged by the amount of work, mess and labor costs required to install a conservatory; the same concerns arise if installing PV modules. The Ivy addresses these concerns while also generating green energy for your home. Semi-transparent modules are placed in the conservatory to allow the user to actually see their solar cell generate electricity while enjoying a view to the garden. The modules are slid up into elegant aluminum profiles to fasten them, and at the same time connecting them electrically thanks to a new junction box system. This will provide a clean look to the design while decreasing the time and money required for installation. Users who will want to increase the generated power may expand by installing matching opaque modules on the roof. The opaque modules replace conventional roof coverings such as shingles or bitumen as they are weatherproof. The Ivy brings the advantages of a PV system and a modular conservatory together into an elegant solution that will fit most European homes, hereby meeting the goal set for this project.