Examination of turbulence structures in the bottom boundary layer of the coastal ocean by submersible 3D-PTV

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Abstract

The three-dimensional turbulence structures in the bottom boundary layer of the coastal ocean are examined by submersible 3D-PTV. The system consists of four high-resolution digital cameras that view a 20x20x20 cm3 sample volume illuminated by four underwater lights. We outline a new Physics-Enabled Flow Restoration Algorithm (PEFRA), specifically developed for the denoising of highly sparse Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) data and discuss the corresponding velocity distributions yielded. These new three-dimensional measurements lend support to the concept that the bottom boundary layer of the coastal ocean comprises packets of hairpin vortices.