China has been experiencing dynamic industrialization because of rapid economic growth. Even with steady industrial safety improvements in recent years in China, the death rate per accident is increasing, and major accidents (MAs) as well as particularly serious accidents (PSAs) are still occurring every year. Evidently, the risk of industrial accidents, especially of MAs and PSAs is still high. Moreover, China has entered a bottleneck period for the prevention and control of MAs and PSAs. In a word, MAs and PSAs have become a significant challenge for China's industrial, social, and economic development. In recent years, especially since 2016, great attention of the Chinese government has been given to the prevention and control of MAs and PSAs. China launched its nationwide safety campaigns for firmly curbing MAs and PSAs. Some potentially effective measures and strategies in a series of safety policy documents (e.g., the ‘Guidelines for Comprehensively and Resolutely Curbing MAs and PSAs’ and the ‘Thirteenth-Five-Year Plan for Work Safety’) were also proposed, to reduce MAs and PSAs. Firstly, this paper makes a statistical analysis of China's MAs and PSAs between the year of 2002 and 2016 to figure out the current status of MAs and PSAs in China. Then this article reviews some latest major events of the prevention and control of MAs and PSAs in China to introduce the recent efforts in the prevention and control of MAs and PSAs in China. Finally, according to a series of safety policy documents in China, and the scientific research literature from other countries, this study gives a brief introduction to the future prospects of the prevention and control of MAs and PSAs in China. Obviously, this study can provide useful evidence and suggestions for the future prevention and control of MAs and PSAs both within China and in other countries.