One of the most critical units of nulling interferometers is the Achromatic Phase Shifter. The concept we propose here is based on optimized Fresnel rhombs, using the total internal reflection phenomenon, modulated or not. The total internal reflection induces a phase shift between the polarization components of the incident light. We present the principles, the current status of the prototype manufacturing and testing operations, as well as preliminary experiments on a ZnSe Fresnel rhomb in the visible that have led to a first error source assessment study. Thanks to these first experimental results using a simple Polarimeter arrangement, we have identified the bulk scattering as being the main error source. Fortunately, we have experimentally verified that the scattering can be mitigated using spatial filters and does not decrease the phase shifting capabilities of the ZnSe Fresnel rhomb.

We propose a new family of achromatic phase shifters for infrared nulling interferometry. These key optical components can be seen as optimized Fresnel rhombs, using the total internal reflection phenomenon, modulated or not. The total internal reflection indeed comes with a phase shift between the polarization components of the incident light. We propose a solution to implement this vectorial phase shift between interferometer arms to provide the destructive interference process needed to disentangle highly contrasted objects from one another. We also show that, modulating the index transition at the total internal reflection interface allows compensating for the intrinsic material dispersion in order to make the subsequent phase shift achromatic over especially broad bands. The modulation can be induced by a thin film of a well-chosen material or a subwavelength grating whose structural parameters are thoroughly optimized. We present results from theoretical simulations together with preliminary fabrication outcomes and measurements for a prototype in Zinc Selenide.

The Annular Groove Phase Mask coronagraph (AGPM) is an intrinsically achromatic vectorial vortex. It consists of integrated subwavelength optical elements whose space-variant polarization properties can be engineered and optimized to synthesize one of the theoretically most efficient coronagraphs. This paper briefly recalls the principles of the AGPM, presents the benefit of its implementation inside a Polarimetrie differential imager, realistic numerical simulations assessing its performances, as well as the current status of the near-infrared and visible prototype manufacturing operations.