The focus of oxygen therapy in preterm infants is to strike a balance between the need for additional oxygen and preventing damage due to oxygen free radicals. Beyond merely providing extra oxygen, therapy should encompass the transportation, delivery, and extraction of oxygen tailored to the organs and tissue needs. This thesis explores the challenges that are related to optimizing oxygen therapy, and some of the advancements in automated control and non-invasive measurement techniques that could be used to improve the optimization...