The PISA project explored the development of improved design methods for offshore wind turbine monopile foundations. Medium scale field pile testing for the project took place at Cowden in the UK, where the soil consists of a heavily over-consolidated glacial till, and Dunkirk in France, where the soil consists of a dense marine sand. The main focus of the testing was on monotonic capacity. However, results were also obtained for cyclic loading tests on medium scale piles of two different diameters (0.762 m and 2.0 m), and a length to diameter (L/D) ratio of 5.25. The testing consisted of uniform one-way cycling on 7 separate piles across the two sites at different amplitudes, including tests of over 20000 cycles, as well as two-way cycling on one pile at each site at different amplitudes and frequencies. The one-way tests explored ratcheting phenomena and associated effects, whilst the two-way tests explored stiffness and damping at increasing load amplitudes. This paper presents a summary of the cyclic pile tests that were completed, illustrated by results from the Dunkirk site. Comparisons are made to the PISA monotonic test results, as well as to observations from model testing reported in the literature. These field measurements support the development of new cyclic modelling approaches for offshore monopile foundations.@en

This paper provides a brief overview of the Pile Soil Analysis (PISA) project, recently completed in the UK. The research was aimed at developing new design methods for laterally loaded monopile foundations, such as those supporting offshore wind turbine structures. The paper first describes the background to the project and briefly outlines the key research elements completed. The paper concludes with a brief description of the anticipated impact of the work and describes initiatives that have followed since.@en

Improved design of laterally loaded monopiles is central to the development of current and future generation offshore wind farms. Previously established design methods have demonstrable shortcomings requiring new ideas and approaches to be developed, specific for the offshore wind turbine sector. The Pile Soil Analysis (PISA) Project, established in 2013, addresses this problem through a range of theoretical studies, numerical analysis and medium scale field testing. The project completed in 2016; this paper summarises the principal findings, illustrated through examples incorporating the Cowden stiff clay profile, which represents one of the two soil profiles targeted in the study. The implications for design are discussed.@en