The unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of a 50° sweep delta wing performing pitching oscillations at angle of attack between 0° and 60° were tested in a water channel facility. Both force and velocity measurement results were analyzed and compared with the numerical simulation results for the pitching reduced frequency of 0.069 and 0.55. Both lift hysteresis and an unsteady phenomenon of leading-edge vortex (LEV) evolution were observed, which were significantly influenced by the pitch rate of the wing. As the wing pitch rate became sufficiently high, instead of being dissipated and convecting downstream, the LEV remained over the suction surface of the wing, which provide additional lift overshoot at a high angle of attack. In addition, as the wing pitched downstroke due to the negative induced camber effect, the lower surface of the wing turned from a pressure surface to a suction one and hence, there were significant lift losses.

In China, while large-scale industrial land redevelopment has played a significant role in promoting economic growth, it has also triggered a series of unsustainable problems. To date, few studies have explored the expectations of stakeholders in industrial redevelopment projects in China. Gaining an in-depth understanding of the diverse expectations among core stakeholders is an essential step towards realizing social sustainability. This study aims to analyze these diverse expectations in industrial land redevelopment projects. For this purpose, 19 factors were identified and compared across the following core stakeholders: local governments, consulting experts, the general public, and original land users of state-led redevelopment and land user-led redevelopment projects, using questionnaires and interviews conducted in Shanghai, China. The findings show there to be tremendous differences between the expectations of different stakeholder groups in terms of economic, social and environmental aspects. Major differences were also found between the expectations of original land users across different project types. Moreover, the negative externalities, the balance between industrial and residential space, the diverse needs of original land users in different project types, and the barriers to stakeholders' participation, in industrial land redevelopment in China were discussed. The findings of the current paper are conducive to optimizing stakeholder participation in industrial land redevelopment so as to enhance social sustainability.