This paper explores the spatial evolution of a flood-prone, sub-urban coastal area, Municipio X of Rome. The study investigates land use change through a diachronic analysis, providing empirical data to retrace the implication of the factors that shaped the study area and highlighting the connection between environmental vulnerabilities and planning measures. Qualitative and quantitative assessments are provided to understand the political and social factors that contributed to rapid urbanization in the area. This investigation aims to grasp how past developments influence current issues and assist planners and decision-makers in tackling present and future vulnerabilities more effectively.