NdFeB magnets are used in wind turbines and hybrid electric vehicles and are instrumental in progression toward a low-carbon economy. Recycling rare-earth elements (REEs) from NdFeB magnet waste is an important step toward building a sustainable REE supply chain. In this study, we describe an electrochemical process to selectively extract REEs from NdFeB magnet waste at room temperature. First, an electrolysis pretreatment step was performed to convert the elements present in the magnet waste into the respective hydroxides. A dual anode system was used where NdFeB magnet waste was taken as an anode along with an inert anode in an electrochemical reactor. The inert anode was used to ensure that iron in the magnet waste was converted into the Fe(III) form in the mixed hydroxides precipitate. Subsequently, the mixed hydroxides were leached with HCl. More than 97% of REEs and cobalt leached into the solution leaving iron in the residue. REEs were then selectively precipitated as rare-earth oxalates using oxalic acid, which in turn regenerated HCl, resulting in a closed-loop process. Calcination of the rare-earth oxalates yielded rare-earth oxides of high purity (99.2%), which can be used directly for producing rare-earth metals.@en

NdFeB magnet waste is one of the important secondary resources from which rare-earth elements (REEs) can be recovered. Herein we present an electrochemical route to selectively extract REEs from the magnet waste at room temperature. First, the magnet waste was partially leached with HCl. The partial leachate along with undissolved magnet waste was taken in the anolyte side of a two compartment reactor separated by an anion exchange membrane whereas the catholyte consisted of sodium chloride solution. The Fe(ii) present in the leachate was oxidized and precipitated as Fe(OH)3 while more than 95% of REEs were extracted into the solution. Subsequently, oxalic acid was used to selectively precipitate REEs as rare-earth oxalates. Hydrochloric acid liberated during the oxalic acid precipitation process could be directly reused in the partial leaching step. Sodium chloride was the only chemical consumed during the electrolysis. The effect of the NaCl concentration in the anolyte and catholyte on the extraction of metals was investigated. From magnet waste to rare-earth oxides, the developed recycling process is environmentally friendly and consumes only electricity, NaCl and oxalic acid.@en