This letter develops a new bilevel optimization model to construct false data injection attack based on pre- and post- dispatch. In order to enhance the attack concealment, the proposed bilevel model can minimize the variation of uploaded measurements between pre- and post-attack before dispatching, after which the attack can lead the system to an uneconomic and insecure operating state after dispatching. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed bilevel model in term of operating cost and network overloads.

Paper holds the promise to replace silicon substrates in applications like internet of things or disposable electronics that require ultra-low-cost electronic components and an environmentally friendly electronic waste management. In the last years, spurred by the abovementioned properties of paper as a substrate and the exceptional electronic, mechanical and optical properties of van der Waals (vdW) materials, many research groups have worked towards the integration of vdW materials-based devices on paper. Recently, a method to deposit a continuous film of densely packed interconnects of vdW materials on paper by simply rubbing the vdW crystals against the rough surface of paper has been presented. This method utilizes the weak interlayer vdW interactions and allows cleaving of the crystals into micro platelets through the abrasion against the paper. Here, we aim to illustrate the general character and the potential of this technique by fabricating films of 39 different vdW materials (including superconductors, semi-metals, semiconductors, and insulators) on standard copy paper. We have thoroughly characterized their optical properties showing their high optical quality: one can easily resolve the absorption band edge of semiconducting vdW materials and even the excitonic features present in some vdW materials with high exciton binding energy. We also measured the electrical resistivity for several vdW materials films on paper finding exceptionally low values, which are in some cases, orders of magnitude lower than those reported for analogous films produced by inkjet printing. We finally demonstrate the fabrication of field-effect devices with vdW materials on paper using the paper substrate as an ionic gate.

Capability of a pulsed-jetting, aquatic soft robot to perform turning manoeuvres by means of a steerable nozzle is investigated experimentally for the first time. Actuation of this robot is based on the periodic conversion of slowly-charged elastic potential energy into fluid kinetic energy, giving rise to a cyclic pulsed-jet resembling the one observed in cephalopods. A steerable nozzle enables the fluid jet to be deflected away from the vehicle axis, thus providing the robot with the unique ability to manoeuvre using thrust-vectoring. This actuation scheme is shown to offer a high degree of control authority when starting from rest, yielding turning radii of the order of half of the body length of the vehicle. The most significant factor affecting efficiency of the turn has been identified to be the fluid momentum losses in the deflected nozzle. This leads, given the current nozzle design, to a distinct optimum nozzle angle of 35°.