Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is crucial during embryonic development, tissue fibrosis, and cancer progression. Epithelial cells that display a cobblestone-like morphology can undergo a switch to mesenchymal-like phenotype, displaying an elongated spindle shape or a fibroblast-like morphology. EMT is characterized by timely and reversible alterations of molecular and cellular processes. The changes include loss of epithelial and gain of mesenchymal marker expression, loss of polarity, increased cell migratory and invasive properties. Epithelial cells can progress unevenly during this transition and attain hybrid E/M states or metastable EMT states, referred to as epithelial cell plasticity. To gain a deeper insight into the mechanism of EMT, understanding the dynamic aspects of this process is essential. One of the most prominent factors to induce EMT is the cytokine transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). This chapter discusses molecular and cellular techniques to monitor TGF-β-induced signaling and EMT changes in normal and cancer cell lines. These methods include measuring the TGF-β-induced activation of its intracellular SMAD effectors proteins and changes in epithelial/mesenchymal marker expression and localization. Moreover, we describe assays of cell migration and dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and stress filaments that are frequently part of the TGF-β-induced EMT cellular response.@en

We take a systematic look at the problem of storing whole files in a cache with limited capacity in the context of optimistic learning, where the caching policy has access to a prediction oracle. The successive file requests are assumed to be generated by an adversary, and no assumption is made on the accuracy of the oracle. We provide a universal lower bound for prediction-Assisted online caching and proceed to design a suite of policies with a range of performance-complexity trade-offs. All proposed policies offer sublinear regret bounds commensurate with the accuracy of the oracle. In this pursuit, we design, to the best of our knowledge, the first optimistic Follow-The-Perturbed leader policy, which generalizes beyond the caching problem. We also study the problem of caching files with different sizes and the bipartite network caching problem.@en