Objective To assess the relationship between cam morphology and the development of radiographic hip osteoarthritis (RHOA), overall and in subgroups based on age, biological sex and body mass index (BMI). Methods Hips with no RHOA at baseline and with available follow-up during 4–8 years were selected from the Worldwide Collaboration on Osteoarthritis PrediCtion for the Hip (World COACH) consortium. Alpha angles were uniformly measured on anteroposterior radiographs, with a threshold of 60° used to define cam morphology. Incident RHOA was defined as the transition from an RHOA-free state at baseline to definite diagnosis of RHOA at follow-up. The association between baseline cam morphology and the development of RHOA was assessed using a three-level mixed-effects logistic regression model, accounting for hip side, individual and cohort-level variation. Results A total of 23 886 hips were included (mean age: 62.2±8.4 years; 70.6% female; BMI: 27.4±4.5; mean time to follow-up: 6.1±3.0 years). Cam morphology was associated with RHOA (OR: 1.87, 95%CI 1.36 to 2.59), as was a greater alpha angle (OR 1.02, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.03 for every degree increase). The overall relative risk of developing RHOA in hips with cam morphology was 1.62 (95%CI 1.26 to 2.07), greatest for those aged 51–60 years (2.15, 95%CI 1.55 to 2.98) and higher in males (2.50, 95%CI 1.67 to 3.73), compared with females (1.75,95%CI 1.24 to 2.48). Conclusion Hips with cam morphology have higher odds of developing RHOA within 4–8 years compared with hips without cam morphology. The relative risk was highest in subgroups of participants aged 51–60 years and in males, making cam morphology a potential target for primary or secondary prevention of RHOA.

Objective: To analyze and synthesize the information available from five pivotal, large-scale, multicenter, observational studies (CHECK, OAI, FNIH Biomarkers Consortium, IMI-APPROACH, and MOST) focusing on knee osteoarthritis (OA), which can be used to elucidate disease progression, risk factors, and the effectiveness of potential interventions. Design: For this narrative review, a comprehensive literature search and data extraction from official web pages and scientific databases were conducted to compare methodologies, in- and exclusion criteria, outcomes, and cohort characteristics across the studies. Thematic, comparative, and qualitative analyses were employed to identify trends, commonalities, and disparities among the findings. Results: The studies collectively enhanced understanding of the onset and progression of knee OA, and in several of the studies, hip OA, emphasizing the importance of both systemic and local risk factors. Advanced imaging and biomarkers are important components in all the cohorts, with the goal of aiding early diagnosis and tracking disease progression. All cohorts evaluated unique markers generally not available in the other cohorts, while other factors overlap, suggesting possibilities for combining or cross-validating between cohorts. Conclusions: The collaborative efforts of major OA research significantly advance our understanding of knee OA. These studies highlight the importance of a multifaceted approach, integrating advanced imaging, biomarkers, and longitudinal data to tackle the complexities of OA. By synthesizing findings and addressing knowledge gaps such as heterogeneity of patients and used measurements, and use of novel pain measures, future research can develop more effective diagnostic tools and treatments, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for OA patients.

Purpose Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and disability worldwide. Lack of effective therapies may reflect poor knowledge on its aetiology and risk factors, and result in the management of end-stage hip OA with costly joint replacement. The Worldwide Collaboration on OsteoArthritis prediCtion for the Hip (World COACH) consortium was established to pool and harmonise individual participant data from prospective cohort studies. The consortium aims to better understand determinants and risk factors for the development and progression of hip OA, to optimise and automate methods for (imaging) analysis, and to develop a personalised prediction model for hip OA. Participants World COACH aimed to include participants of prospective cohort studies with ≥200 participants, that have hip imaging data available from at least 2 time points at least 4 years apart. All individual participant data, including clinical data, imaging (data), biochemical markers, questionnaires and genetic data, were collected and pooled into a single, individual-level database. Findings to date World COACH currently consists of 9 cohorts, with 38 021 participants aged 18–80 years at baseline. Overall, 71% of the participants were women and mean baseline age was 65.3±8.6 years. Over 34 000 participants had baseline pelvic radiographs available, and over 22 000 had an additional pelvic radiograph after 8–12 years of follow-up. Even longer radiographic follow-up (15–25 years) is available for over 6000 of these participants.

Objective: To summarize available evidence on the association between hip shape as quantified by statistical shape modeling (SSM) and the incidence or progression of hip osteoarthritis. Design: We conducted a systematic search of five electronic databases, based on a registered protocol (available: PROSPERO CRD42020145411). Articles presenting original data on the longitudinal relationship between radiographic hip shape (quantified by SSM) and hip OA were eligible. Quantitative meta-analysis was precluded because of the use of different SSM models across studies. We used the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) for risk of bias assessment. Results: Nine studies (6,483 hips analyzed with SSM) were included in this review. The SSM models used to describe hip shape ranged from 16 points on the femoral head to 85 points on the proximal femur and hemipelvis. Multiple hip shape features and combinations thereof were associated with incident or progressive hip OA. Shape variants that seemed to be consistently associated with hip OA across studies were acetabular dysplasia, cam morphology, and deviations in acetabular version (either excessive anteversion or retroversion). Conclusions: Various radiographic, SSM-defined hip shape features are associated with hip OA. Some hip shape features only seem to increase the risk for hip OA when combined together. The heterogeneity of the used SSM models across studies precludes the estimation of pooled effect sizes. Further studies using the same SSM model and definition of hip OA are needed to allow for the comparison of outcomes across studies, and to validate the found associations.