Sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) are fuels that have potential to be sustainably produced and to generate lower carbon emissions when compared to the conventional kerosene. Wider SAF production and utilization represent nowadays an important step to move towards a more sustainable aviation industry, which has committed to significantly reduce their net carbon emissions by 2050. To reach this target, significant efforts have been done to develop sustainable technologies for the production of aviation fuels able to be implemented in a large scale. This chapter summarizes and discusses the different technologies that have been proposed to produce aviation biofuels, their potential to be upscaled and techno-economic perspectives, as well as the impact of SAF on sustainability. At the end, the industry point of view on the prospects for a wider production and use of aviation biofuels is also presented.