Building Belonging

Abstract

Loneliness is a pervasive and complex issue influenced by numerous factors, including the design of the spaces we inhabit. This study explores how the spatial layout and architectural features of residential homes can be tailored to encourage social interaction and inclusivity across generations, addressing loneliness within the home environment. Drawing on literature, fieldwork and case studies, the research highlights key architectural principles, such as spatial layout, stability, housing density, natural light, and personalisation, that can foster social connectivity.The findings emphasise that smaller, poorly designed homes lacking clear separations between functional areas often exacerbate loneliness, while flexible communal spaces and opportunities for personalisation can enhance a sense of belonging. Stability and permanence in housing are also critical, as they encourage residents to invest in social relationships. The study includes a case analysis of the Diakonissestiftelsen project in Copenhagen, which demonstrates how thoughtful architectural design—through mixed-use housing, communal spaces, and transitional zones—can promote inclusivity and reduce isolation.The research underscores the need for interdisciplinary collaboration among architects, sociologists, caregivers, and residents to address loneliness effectively.While architectural design alone cannot eliminate loneliness, it can significantly contribute to creating environments that support social well-being. This study advocates for extended, in-depth research to identify specific design elements that positively influence social interaction, ultimately leading to more inclusive and connected communities.