Toward a Zero-Emission Container Terminal: Simulation-Based Research on Horizontal Equipment
J. H.R. van Duin (Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, TU Delft - Transport and Logistics)
C. van der Wijst (Student TU Delft)
H Geerlings ( Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam)
G.P. Van Wee (TU Delft - Transport and Logistics)
More Info
expand_more
Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download, forward or distribute the text or part of it, without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license such as Creative Commons.
Abstract
A brownfield container terminal aims to realize a zero-emission vehicle fleet by 2040. To prepare for the fleet investments, the terminal wants to ascertain the consequences for its costs and operational performance of implementing a new generation of zero-emission equipment for the horizontal transportation of the containers at the terminal. To address this issue, a literature research is carried out to formulate the technological criteria for energy carriers and to identify possible energy sources that could facilitate the transition from a fossil fuel-based vehicle fleet toward a zero-emission vehicle fleet. The list of possible energy carriers is reduced by an assessment. The outcome of the assessment results in two best options, namely, the lithium-ion battery and hydrogen, for the vehicle fleet. Consequently, a discrete event simulation is carried out to assess the operational performances of these two energy carriers. This approach can be applied for many other terminals that are exploring ways to achieve a zero-emission fleet.