Measurement of the thulium ion spin Hamiltonian in an yttrium gallium garnet host crystal
Jacob H. Davidson (Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, TU Delft - QuTech Advanced Research Centre, TU Delft - QID/Tittel Lab)
Philip J.T. Woodburn (Montana State University - Bozeman)
Aaron D. Marsh (Montana State University - Bozeman)
Kyle J. Olson (Montana State University - Bozeman)
Adam Olivera (Montana State University - Bozeman)
Antariksha Das (Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, TU Delft - QuTech Advanced Research Centre, TU Delft - QID/Tittel Lab)
Mohsen Falamarzi Askarani (Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, TU Delft - QuTech Advanced Research Centre, TU Delft - QID/Tittel Lab)
Wolfgang Tittel (Université de Genève, TU Delft - Quantum Communications Lab, Schaffhausen Institute of Technology–SIT, Geneva, TU Delft - QID/Tittel Lab, Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)
Rufus L. Cone (Montana State University - Bozeman)
Charles W. Thiel (Montana State University - Bozeman)
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Abstract
We characterize the magnetic properties for thulium ion energy levels in the (Tm:YGG) lattice with the goal to improve decoherence and reduce linewidth broadening caused by local host spins and crystal imperfections. More precisely, we measure hyperfine tensors for the lowest level of and excited states using a combination of spectral hole burning, absorption spectroscopy, and optically detected nuclear magnetic resonance. By rotating the sample through a series of angles with an applied external magnetic field, we measure and analyze the orientation dependence of the ion's spin Hamiltonian. Using this spin Hamiltonian, we propose a set of orientations to improve material properties that are important for light-matter interaction and quantum information applications. Our results yield several important external field directions: some to extend optical coherence times, another to improve spin inhomogeneous broadening, and yet another that maximizes mixing of the spin states for specific sets of ions, which allows improving optical pumping and creation of lambda systems in this material.