Assessment of ballast layer under multiple field conditions in China

Abstract

Ballast layer condition should be more regularly and accurately inspected to ensure safe train operation; however, traditional inspection methods cannot sufficiently fulfil this task. This paper presents a method of ground penetrating radar (GPR) application to reflect ballast layer fouling levels under diverse field conditions (annual gross passing load, cleaning and renewal year, fouling composition and transportation type). The results show that the GPR-based inspection method can assess the ballast layer fouling level with a 1–7% difference from the traditional sieving results. Fouling composition (especially metal materials) has a great effect on the GPR signals, thus affecting the inspection accuracy of ballast layer fouling level. Developing diverse GPR-based fouling indicators (by distinguishing different GPR signal features) can improve the GPR inspection applicability to the diverse field conditions.