Resource-efficient fault-tolerant one-way quantum repeater with code concatenation
Kah Jen Wo (National University of Singapore, Student TU Delft)
Guus Avis (Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, University of Massachusetts Amherst, TU Delft - QuTech Advanced Research Centre, TU Delft - QID/Wehner Group)
Filip Rozpędek (Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst)
Maria Flors Mor-Ruiz (Universitat Innsbruck)
Gregor Pieplow (Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin)
Tim Schröder (Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin)
Liang Jiang (Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering)
Anders S. Sørensen (University of Copenhagen)
Johannes Borregaard (Harvard University, TU Delft - QN/Borregaard groep, TU Delft - QuTech Advanced Research Centre)
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Abstract
One-way quantum repeaters where loss and operational errors are counteracted by quantum error-correcting codes can ensure fast and reliable qubit transmission in quantum networks. It is crucial that the resource requirements of such repeaters, for example, the number of qubits per repeater node and the complexity of the quantum error-correcting operations are kept to a minimum to allow for near-future implementations. To this end, we propose a one-way quantum repeater that targets both the loss and operational error rates in a communication channel in a resource-efficient manner using code concatenation. Specifically, we consider a tree-cluster code as an inner loss-tolerant code concatenated with an outer 5-qubit code for protection against Pauli errors. Adopting flag-based stabilizer measurements, we show that intercontinental distances of up to 10,000 km can be bridged with a minimized resource overhead by interspersing repeater nodes that each specialize in suppressing either loss or operational errors. Our work demonstrates how tailored error-correcting codes can significantly lower the experimental requirements for long-distance quantum communication.
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