The Netherlands
Lidwine Spoormans (TU Delft - Architecture and the Built Environment)
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Abstract
The suburban low-rise neighbourhood is the ‘ideal’ of the Dutch middle class. After WWII, a series of planning concepts were implemented on a national level: post-war expansion districts (1945-1965), Groeikernen (1965-1985), and Vinex districts (1995-2005). Middle-class families of successive generations moved into these (once) new neighbourhoods, leaving the city for “huisje, boompje, beestje” (house, tree, animal), a Dutch saying meaning the bourgeois life in a house with a garden, children and pets.