Observation of temperature-gradient-induced magnetization
Dazhi Hou (Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tohoku University)
Zhiyong Qiu (Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tohoku University)
R. Iguchi (Tohoku University)
K. Sato (Tohoku University)
E. K. Vehstedt (University College London, Tohoku University)
K. Uchida (Tohoku University, Japan Science and Technology Agency)
G. E W Bauer (TU Delft - QN/Bauer Group, Tohoku University, Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)
E. Saitoh (Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tohoku University, Japan Atomic Energy Agency)
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Abstract
Applying magnetic fields has been the method of choice to magnetize non-magnetic materials, but they are difficult to focus. The magneto-electric effect and voltage-induced magnetization generate magnetization by applied electric fields, but only in special compounds or heterostructures. Here we demonstrate that a simple metal such as gold can be magnetized by a temperature gradient or magnetic resonance when in contact with a magnetic insulator by observing an anomalous Hall-like effect, which directly proves the breakdown of time-reversal symmetry. Such Hall measurements give experimental access to the spectral spin Hall conductance of the host metal, which is closely related to other spin caloritronics phenomena such as the spin Nernst effect and serves as a reference for theoretical calculation.
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