Head and facial dimensions of Chilean workers for design purposes and the differences with other populations
Ariel Antonio Rodríguez (Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile)
David Eduardo Escanilla (Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile)
Luis Alberto Caroca (Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile)
Christian Eduardo Albornoz (Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile)
Paulina Andrea Marshall (Universidad de Chile)
J.F.M. Molenbroek (TU Delft - Human Factors)
Wonsup Lee (Handong Global University)
Carlos Viviani (Universidad de Valparaíso)
H. I. Castellucci (Universidad de Valparaíso)
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: An appropriate match between a product and its end-users requires anthropometric data, which show variations among different countries. Proper Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) fit is key for safety and comfort. Chile had no head and facial anthropometric data available in order to design face/head PPE. OBJECTIVE: To describe face/head anthropometric characteristics of Chilean workers. Additionally, this study compared those dimensions against other populations (United States (US), South Korea and China). METHODS: An anthropometric survey involving 21 measures was conducted between September 2013 to May 2016 using stratified sampling. The measurements were based on ISO/TS 16976-2 and ISO 15535 to ensure the highest standards possible, and a total of 474 workers, aged from 18 to 66 years old, participated in the survey. RESULTS: The biggest differences were in Neck circumference, Weight, Nose breadth, Nose protrusion, Bitragion chin arc, Face length, Subnasale-sellion length, Face width, Bigonial breadth and Bitragion subnasal arc. Head length of Chileans were longer than Chinese and South Korean ones, but shorter than US Head length. Chilean Head breadth is smaller than Chinese and South Korean ones. Chileans Face length was the largest observed. Face width of Chileans was smaller than US and Chinese ones. Gender specific differences were also observed in the inter-country comparisons. Chilean males had larger anthropometric dimensions than females. CONCLUSION: Chilean Head and face dimensions differed significantly when compared against US, South Korean and Chines Head and Face dimensions. Chileans have longer and narrower faces with wider mouths, with a head size in between the US and Asian heads. Face and head PPE for Chileans should use dimensions in the current paper in order to ensure proper fit.