Pathways to advanced resource recovery from sewage
Min Zheng (University of Queensland, University of New South Wales)
Zhetai Hu (University of Queensland)
Tao Liu (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University)
Mathieu Sperandio (Université de Toulouse)
Eveline I.P. Volcke (Universiteit Gent)
Zhiyao Wang (University of Queensland)
Xiaodi Hao (Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture)
Mark C.M. van Loosdrecht (TU Delft - BT/Environmental Biotechnology, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture)
Zhiguo Yuan (City University of Hong Kong)
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Abstract
The ongoing paradigm shift in sewage management from pollution control to resource recovery is an integral part of a circular economy. Efforts have traditionally concentrated on the recovery of organic carbon as bioenergy, and nitrogen and phosphorus as nutrients. In the past decade, technologies have been developed to recover high-value commodities. Simultaneously, innovative processes have been proposed to produce chemical agents that can be immediately reused in the sewage system to facilitate sewage management. This Review evaluates these latest developments and the underpinning scientific discoveries, identifies the key challenges, and outlines a roadmap towards greener and more sustainable sewage management.