Views on patient-centred care for hospital patients in Peru

Abstract

Background: Patient-centred care (PCC) is considered a core framework for improving quality of care. Evidence on which PCC aspects are most relevant remains limited in Latin America, where health system fragmentation, inequalities, and constraints in access to services may shape priorities. Objective: To identify and describe viewpoints among patients and healthcare professionals in Peru on the most important aspects of PCC. Methods: Q methodology was used to examine viewpoints on PCC among patients and healthcare professionals in Lima, Peru. Participants ranked 30 statements reflecting the eight dimensions of PCC of the Picker Institute framework and available studies on PCC in low- and middle-income countries, and explained their ranking. Factor analysis was used to identify distinct viewpoints, which were interpreted based on composite rankings and qualitative data from the interviews. Results: Four viewpoints on PCC were identified. Across viewpoints, dignity and respectful treatment were consistently prioritised. Three viewpoints emphasised organisational and professional dimensions of care, particularly access to essential medication and equipment, timely responses to pain and treatment-related complications, and coordination and continuity of care. A fourth viewpoint prioritised relational dimensions, placing particular importance on emotional support and family involvement. Conclusion: Strengthening PCC in Peru may require attention to both relational and organisational dimensions of care. Dignity and respectful treatment emerged as shared foundational priorities, while access to essential medication and equipment and improved coordination and continuity across services were central to several viewpoints. These results differ from studies in Western countries and underline the importance of context-sensitive strategies for PCC.