Risk Factors and Neuropsychological Assessments of Subjective Cognitive Decline (plus) in Chinese Memory Clinic
Lixiao Hao (Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing)
Yue Xing (University of Nottingham)
Xuanyu Li (Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing)
Bin Mu (Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing)
Weina Zhao (Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang)
Gubing Wang (TU Delft - Industrial Design Engineering)
Ting Wang (School of General Practice and Continuing Education of Capital Medical University, Beijing)
Jianguo Jia (Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing)
Ying Han (Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing)
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Abstract
Background: Since subjective cognitive decline (SCD) was standardized in 2014, many studies have investigated its features. However, the risk of SCD (plus) progressing to AD is much higher, and yet there have been few studies reporting the risk factors and neuropsychological assessment characteristics of SCD (plus). Objective: To characterize SCD (plus) by comparing it with normal control (NC), amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and Alzheimer Disease (AD) regarding their demographics, lifestyle, family history of dementia, multimorbidity and the neuropsychological assessments. Methods: A total of 135 participants were recruited, including 23 NC, 30 SCD (plus), 45 aMCI and 37 AD. Descriptive statistics were provided. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the affecting factors of SCD (plus), and finally the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was applied to distinguish between SCD (plus) and NC. Results: (1) SCD (plus) group was younger than both the aMCI group and AD group. It consisted of more participants with mental work and higher body mass index (BMI) than the AD group. (2) Scores of Auditory Verbal Learning Test - Immediate recall (AVLT-IR) and AVLT-Long delayed recall (AVLT-LR) decreased in the following order: NC→SCD (plus)→aMCI→AD. (3) The Area Under Curve (AUC) for discriminating SCD (plus) and NC group was from 0.673 to 0.838. Conclusion: Aging is an important risk factor of both NC progressing to SCD (plus), and SCD (plus) progressing to aMCI or AD. In addition to aging, lower education level and lower BMI were significantly associated with greater odds of SCD (plus) progressing to aMCI or AD patients, whereas mental work was a protective factor of SCD (plus) progressing to AD. Finally, AVLT is a sensitive indicator of the cognitive decline and impairment in SCD (plus) in relative to normal controls.