The extracellular matrix as hallmark of cancer and metastasis
From biomechanics to therapeutic targets
J.J.F. Sleeboom (TU Delft - Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics, Erasmus MC)
Gilles S. van Tienderen (Erasmus MC)
Katja Schenke-Layland (Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen)
Luc J.W. van der Laan (Erasmus MC)
Antoine A. Khalil (University Medical Center Utrecht)
Monique M.A. Verstegen (Erasmus MC)
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Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential for cell support during homeostasis and plays a critical role in cancer. Although research often concentrates on the tumor's cellular aspect, attention is growing for the importance of the cancer-associated ECM. Biochemical and physical ECM signals affect tumor formation, invasion, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Examining the tumor microenvironment uncovers intricate ECM dysregulation and interactions with cancer and stromal cells. Anticancer therapies targeting ECM sensors and remodelers, including integrins and matrix metalloproteinases, and ECM-remodeling cells, have seen limited success. This review explores the ECM's role in cancer and discusses potential therapeutic strategies for cell-ECM interactions.