Simulators in surgical skills training

Abstract

Arthroscopy simulators allow standardized practice of basic skills in the knee and shoulder joint, including inspection and identification of all important structures in the joint with the arthroscope and probe. Arthroscopy simulators monitor trainee performance and provide feedback to assist training. Arthroscopy simulators require further validation, especially for the highest levels: predictive and transfer validity. None of the available simulators allows training of portal placement, which is considered highly relevant by a large number of physicians.