Overcoming Barriers to Empty Container Repositioning
A Case Study of Maersk’s Hinterland Operations in Rotterdam and Antwerp
Ron van Duin (TU Delft - Technology, Policy and Management, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences)
Fleur de Boer (Maersk Line)
Joost van Wilsum (Maersk Line)
Rima Arab (Maersk Line)
A.J. van Binsbergen (TU Delft - Civil Engineering & Geosciences)
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Abstract
Empty Container Repositioning (ECR) remains a costly activity in global logistics, as empty containers must be moved from surplus to deficit areas without generating revenue. While global ECR is well studied, local and regional repositioning are less understood. This study explores barriers to direct inland repositioning within Maersk’s hinterland networks. Using internal data, interviews, operational assessments, and financial analysis, the research reveals that only 12% of ECR movements currently follow direct routes from surplus to deficit locations, indicating overdependence on hub-based repositioning.
From the point of view of depot operations, key barriers preventing direct
repositioning include limited collaboration between vendors, inconsistent stock levels, container quality issues, and seasonal flow variations. At the corridor level, barriers include off-route locations, rigid transport schedules, lack of suitable services, and physical limitations like barge sizes. Financial analysis shows direct repositioning can cut costs by avoiding extra handling. Operational findings highlight that stakeholder coordination and planning practices significantly affect efficiency.
This study concludes that ECR should be viewed as a coordination challenge
rather than just an optimization problem. Improving stakeholder collaboration and planning flexibility is essential for enabling more cost-effective and efficient direct inland repositioning of empty containers.