Head-to-Head Comparison of T1 Mapping and Electroanatomical Voltage Mapping in Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias
Marek Sramko (Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Charles University)
Saif Abdel-Kafi (Willem Einthoven Center for Cardiac Arrhythmia Research and Man- agement (WECAM), Leiden, Leiden University Medical Center)
Adrianus P. Wijnmaalen (Willem Einthoven Center for Cardiac Arrhythmia Research and Man- agement (WECAM), Leiden, Leiden University Medical Center)
Qian Tao (TU Delft - Applied Sciences)
Rob J. van der Geest (Leiden University Medical Center)
Hildo J. Lamb (Leiden University Medical Center)
Katja Zeppenfeld (Willem Einthoven Center for Cardiac Arrhythmia Research and Man- agement (WECAM), Leiden, Leiden University Medical Center)
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Abstract
Background: Electroanatomical voltage mapping (EAVM) has been compared with late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR), which cannot delineate diffuse fibrosis. T1-mapping CMR overcomes the limitations of LGE-CMR, but it has not been directly compared against EAVM. Objectives: This study aims to assess the relationship between left ventricular (LV) endocardial voltage obtained by EAVM and extracellular volume (ECV) obtained by T1 mapping. Methods: The study investigated patients who underwent endocardial EAVM for ventricular arrhythmias (CARTO 3, Biosense Webster) together with preprocedural contrast-enhanced T1 mapping (Ingenia 3T, Philips Healthcare). After image integration, EAVM datapoints were projected onto LGE-CMR and ECV-encoded images. Average values of unipolar voltage (UV), bipolar voltage (BV), LGE transmurality, and ECV were merged from corresponding cardiac segments (6 per slice) and pooled for analysis. Results: The analysis included data from 628 segments from 18 patients (57 ± 13 years of age, 17% females, LV ejection fraction 48% ± 14%, nonischemic/ischemic cardiomyopathy/controls: 8/6/4 patients). Based on the 95th and 5th percentile values obtained from the controls, ECV >33%, BV <2.9 mV, and UV <6.7 mV were considered abnormal. There was a significant inverse association between voltage and ECV, but only in segments with abnormal ECV. Increased ECV could predict abnormal BV and UV with acceptable accuracy (area under the curve of 0.78 [95% CI: 0.74-0.83] and 0.84 [95% CI: 0.79-0.88]). Conclusions: This study found a significant inverse relationship between LV endocardial voltage and ECV. Real-time integration of T1 mapping may guide catheter mapping and may allow identification of areas of diffuse fibrosis potentially related to ventricular arrhythmias.