Challenges and opportunities for quantum information hardware

Review (2025)
Author(s)

David D. Awschalom (Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago)

Hannes Bernien (University of Innsbruck, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering)

Ronald Hanson (TU Delft - QID/Hanson Lab, Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, TU Delft - Communication QuTech, TU Delft - QN/Hanson Lab)

William D. Oliver (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

Jelena Vučković (Stanford University)

DOI related publication
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adz8659 Final published version
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Publication Year
2025
Language
English
Journal title
Science (New York, N.Y.)
Issue number
6777
Volume number
390
Pages (from-to)
1004-1010
Downloads counter
37
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Abstract

Quantum technologies have made impressive progress over the past decade. In some areas, such as quantum sensing and key distribution, these technologies are moving from the laboratory to enable real-world applications. However, for areas such as quantum computing, entanglement-enhanced sensing, and a global quantum internet, we are in an equivalent of the early transistor age, and hardware breakthroughs are required in multiple arenas to reach the performance necessary for the envisioned applications. In this Review, we assess the current state of the art of quantum information hardware and identify key challenges and opportunities ahead. We draw inspiration from the history of scaling and development of classical electronics and photonics to anticipate progress in the field.

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