The haemodynamic envelope, a novel aviation-inspired safety framework for personalized monitoring in cardiogenic shock

Journal Article (2026)
Author(s)

Christiaan Meuwese (Erasmus MC)

J.A. Melkert (TU Delft - Aerospace Engineering)

Jacob Møller (Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet)

Research Group
Flight Performance and Propulsion
DOI related publication
https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjacc/zuag031 Final published version
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Publication Year
2026
Language
English
Related content
Research Group
Flight Performance and Propulsion
Journal title
European heart journal
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Abstract

Mortality in severe forms of cardiogenic shock remains above 50%, despite substantial advances in mechanical circulatory support strategies that have enabled clinicians to manage levels of patient complexity once thought unattainable. A key obstacle to effectively implementing and individualizing these sophisticated treatments lies in the continued reliance on outdated safety monitoring strategies that apply uniform cut-off values to a limited set of clinical variables. Such approaches fail to account for the dynamic and patient-specific nature of ‘safe’ haemodynamics. To overcome this, we propose an aviation-inspired safety framework, referred to by ‘the haemodynamic envelope’, designed to continuously and automatically compute patient- and time-specific thresholds across nine interrelated dimensions. This framework defines a dynamic safety window analogous to the systems that transformed flight safety.