Opto-electronic feedback control of membrane potential for real-time control of action potentials
Balázs Ördög (Leiden University Medical Center)
Tim De Coster (Leiden University Medical Center)
Sven O. Dekker (Leiden University Medical Center)
Cindy I. Bart (Leiden University Medical Center)
Juan Zhang (Leiden University Medical Center)
Gerard J.J. Boink (Universiteit van Amsterdam)
Wilhelmina H. Bax (Leiden University Medical Center)
Shanliang Deng (Leiden University Medical Center, TU Delft - Electronic Components, Technology and Materials)
Bram L. den Ouden (TU Delft - Electronic Components, Technology and Materials)
Antoine A.F. de Vries (Leiden University Medical Center)
Daniël A. Pijnappels (Leiden University Medical Center)
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Abstract
To unlock new research possibilities by acquiring control of action potential (AP) morphologies in excitable cells, we developed an opto-electronic feedback loop-based system integrating cellular electrophysiology, real-time computing, and optogenetic approaches and applied it to monolayers of heart muscle cells. This allowed accurate restoration and preservation of cardiac AP morphologies in the presence of electrical perturbations of different origin in an unsupervised, self-regulatory manner, without any prior knowledge of the disturbance. Moreover, arbitrary AP waveforms could be enforced onto these cells. Collectively, these results set the stage for the refinement and application of opto-electronic control systems to enable in-depth investigation into the regulatory role of membrane potential in health and disease.
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